Sparta was originally founded during the Mycenaean War. Dorian Spartans crossed the mountains of Taygetus and took over the Messenia territory. Messenians revolted around 650 B.C. This revolt almost defeated the Spartans, but the Spartans managed to hold out and maintain their rule over Messenia. Unlike Athens, Sparta was a military oligarchy, monarchy, democracy, and timocracy all in one. Originally founded with aristocratic interest, Sparta was able to keep it's lineage of kings throughout it's existence.
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